Cognitive Dysfunction (Senility) in Dogs and Cats
Senior dogs and cats can develop Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) — commonly referred to as senility.
Changes in Behaviour in Older Dogs and Cats
As our pets age, their brains age too. Just like people, senior dogs and cats can develop Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) — commonly referred to as senility.
This condition is caused by gradual changes in the brain over time, including the effects of oxidative damage (“free radicals”) and reduced blood flow.
Studies suggest that around 50% of dogs over eight years of age show at least one sign of cognitive decline. Cats are also commonly affected, although their symptoms can look a little different.
Common Signs in Dogs and Cats
Changes are often subtle at first and develop slowly. You may notice:
Disorientation
- Appears lost in familiar surroundings
- Gets “stuck” behind furniture
- Fails to recognise familiar people or routines
Changes in interaction
- Less interested in greeting family members
- Reduced desire for attention or play
- Increased irritability or anxiety
Sleep disturbances
- Sleeping more during the day
- Restlessness at night
- Wandering the house overnight
- Cats may roam and vocalise (wail) at night
Toilet changes
- Forgetting to ask to go outside
- Accidents indoors
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
Appetite behaviour changes
- Reduced appetite
- Not responding when food is offered
- Increased clinginess or, conversely, withdrawal
Diagnosis Is Important
These signs can sometimes be mistaken for “just old age,” but they may also indicate other medical conditions such as arthritis, thyroid disease, kidney disease, pain, or sensory decline.
We recommend discussing any behavioural changes at your pet’s Senior Wellness Check or vaccination visit, where we can perform a thorough examination and, if needed, blood and urine testing to rule out underlying illness.
How Can We Help?
While we cannot completely stop brain ageing, we can help slow progression and improve quality of life.
For dogs, specially formulated diets such as Hill’s Prescription Diet b/d contain antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids to support brain health. Some dogs show improvement within weeks.
Medications and supplements that improve blood flow to the brain or support cognitive function may also be recommended for both dogs and cats. Environmental enrichment, consistent routines, gentle exercise, and night lighting can also make a significant difference — particularly for cats who wander at night.
Elgar Road Veterinary
Book a Check-up
If you’ve noticed changes in your senior pet’s behaviour, please don’t hesitate to contact our friendly team. Early assessment can make a real difference to comfort, safety, and quality of life. Call Elgar Road Vet on (03) 9899 9518 to book a check-up or discuss your concerns.